That’s Why I don’t Use SMS for 2FA (And What I Use Instead)

Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) is a powerful way to add an extra layer of protection to your online accounts. However, not all 2FA methods are equally secure. Many people rely on SMS-based 2FA, believing it to be a solid safeguard.

Unfortunately, SMS has significant vulnerabilities that make it unreliable. Here’s why I decided to ditch SMS for 2FA and switch to a more secure solution.

The Dangers of SMS-Based 2FA

SMS-based 2FA might seem convenient, but it’s riddled with vulnerabilities like SIM swapping and message interception. Here’s why I switched to a safer method.

1. SIM Swapping

One of the most alarming risks of SMS-based 2FA is SIM swapping. Cybercriminals exploit this method by deceiving mobile service providers into transferring your phone number to a SIM card they control. Using bits of stolen personal information—such as your address or account details—they pose as you and request the transfer.

Once successful, they can intercept all text messages sent to your number, including the critical one-time passwords (OTPs) intended to secure your accounts.

This breach can have widespread effects, as phone numbers are often tied to various accounts, including email, social media, and even banking apps. SIM swapping can give attackers access to multiple platforms in a matter of minutes.

2. Message Interception Through Network Exploits

Even if your SIM card remains secure, SMS messages themselves are not encrypted. Text messages travel through networks vulnerable to interception techniques. For example, weaknesses in the global telecommunications infrastructure, particularly the SS7 protocol, allow hackers to eavesdrop on messages without direct access to your phone.

This means that OTPs sent via SMS can be intercepted in transit, exposing your accounts to unauthorized access.

3. Reliability Issues with Cellular Networks

SMS-based 2FA relies entirely on your phone’s ability to receive text messages. If you’re in a location with poor network coverage, such as a remote area or a building with weak signals, you may be unable to access your OTPs.

Unlike other 2FA methods that can function over Wi-Fi, SMS is wholly dependent on mobile signal strength, which can leave you locked out of your accounts when you need access most.

A Safer Option: Authentication Apps

To overcome these risks, I transitioned to using authentication apps like Google Authenticator, Microsoft Authenticator, and Authy. These apps generate one-time codes directly on your device, ensuring a more secure and reliable method for 2FA.

What Makes Authentication Apps Better?

1. Locally Generated Codes: These apps generate time-based codes on your device without relying on an external network. Since no data is transmitted over vulnerable networks, the risk of interception is entirely eliminated.
2. Works Without Internet or Cellular Signals: Unlike SMS, authentication apps function offline. Whether you’re traveling in remote locations or stuck in a signal-dead zone, you can still generate 2FA codes as long as your device is with you.
3. Backup and Recovery Options: Some apps, like Authy, offer encrypted backups. This feature ensures you can recover your accounts if you lose your phone, without compromising security. Other apps, like Google Authenticator, focus on simplicity but still provide robust protection.
4. Time-Sensitive Codes: Authentication app codes are valid for only a short time—typically 30 seconds. This minimizes the window of opportunity for unauthorized use, even if someone somehow gets hold of a code.

Alternatives to SMS for 2FA

When it comes to protecting your accounts, there are several alternatives to SMS-based 2FA that provide enhanced security. These options help mitigate the vulnerabilities of SMS while ensuring a more reliable authentication process.

Authentication Apps

Apps like Google Authenticator, Authy, and Microsoft Authenticator generate time-based one-time passwords (TOTP) that are not tied to your mobile network.

• Advantages:
  • Codes are generated offline, reducing the risk of interception.
  • Simple to set up and use with most online accounts.
• How to Use:
  • Download an authentication app on your smartphone.
  • Link it to your accounts by scanning a QR code provided during the setup.

Hardware Tokens

Devices like YubiKey or Titan Security Key provide physical authentication for your accounts.

• Advantages:
  • Nearly impossible to hack remotely.
  • Works seamlessly with many platforms.
• How to Use:
  • Purchase a hardware token compatible with your accounts.
  • Register it as a 2FA device in your account settings.
  • Plug it into your device or use NFC (Near Field Communication) for authentication.

Biometric Authentication

Leverage your unique biological traits, such as fingerprints, facial recognition, or even retina scans, to secure your accounts.

• Advantages:
  • Extremely user-friendly and eliminates the need for codes or physical devices.
  • Harder to replicate compared to passwords or tokens.
• How to Use:
  • Ensure your device supports biometric authentication.
  • Enable biometrics as a security method in your account settings or device.

Email-Based 2FA

While not foolproof, email-based 2FA provides an alternative to SMS. Security codes are sent to your email instead of your phone.

• Advantages:
  • Safer than SMS in cases of SIM-swapping.
  • Accessible on multiple devices.
• How to Use:
  • Add an active, secure email address to your account.
  • Select email-based 2FA as your preferred method during setup.

Each of these methods offers better protection than SMS-based 2FA. Choose the one that fits your needs and make the switch to secure your accounts effectively.

How to Use Authentication Apps

Setting up an authentication app is straightforward. When enabling 2FA on a service, you’ll usually be prompted to scan a QR code with the app. Once linked, the app generates a unique code for that service.

Each time you log in, you simply open the app, retrieve the code, and enter it. The process is quick, easy, and much more secure than SMS-based methods.

How to Transition Away from SMS 2FA

Switching from SMS-based 2FA to a more secure alternative is a straightforward process. Follow this step-by-step guide to enhance your account security.

Identify Accounts Currently Using SMS 2FA

• Begin by listing all the accounts where you’ve enabled SMS-based 2FA.
• Check your account security settings or 2FA preferences to confirm the current method in use.
• Prioritize high-security accounts such as banking, email, and social media for immediate updates.

Enable Authentication Apps or Hardware Tokens

• Choose your preferred 2FA method, such as an authentication app (e.g., Google Authenticator) or a hardware token (e.g., YubiKey).
• Access the security settings of your account and select “Add a New 2FA Method” or a similar option.
• Follow the instructions to link your authentication app by scanning a QR code or registering your hardware token.

Test the New Method to Ensure Functionality

• Once your new 2FA method is set up, log out and attempt to log back in using the updated method.
• Ensure the one-time code or token works as expected.
• Keep the backup codes (if provided) in a secure location for emergencies.

By completing these steps, you’ll transition away from SMS 2FA to a safer and more reliable authentication method. Protecting your accounts has never been easier!

The Bottom Line

While SMS-based 2FA is better than no security at all, its weaknesses—such as SIM swapping, message interception, and signal dependency—make it a risky choice for safeguarding sensitive accounts. Authentication apps offer a superior alternative, providing enhanced security, offline functionality, and user-friendly recovery options.

Switching to an authentication app is a simple step that significantly improves your account security. In an age where cyber threats are constantly evolving, upgrading to a safer 2FA method is not just wise—it’s essential.